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What is Penetration Testing?

Penetration testing, also known as pen testing, is a way to test your computer or network systems by simulating a cyber attack. This process involves an authorised attempt to breach your security defences. The goal is to find and fix vulnerabilities before hackers can exploit them and damage your business in many ways. By performing these tests, we help make sure your systems are secure and protected. 

Why is Penetration Testing Important?

As cybersecurity experts at Crypton, we understand the critical importance of safeguarding your digital assets. That’s why our penetration testing services are designed to thoroughly assess your security conditions. We help organisations identify security weaknesses that could be exploited by attackers. Our tests evaluate the effectiveness of your existing security measures to ensure they are up to par. We also assist in ensuring compliance with industry standards and regulations to avoid legal issues. By simulating potential cyber attacks, we help prevent data breaches and cyber threats, ultimately protecting your sensitive information from unauthorised access.

Types of Penetration Testing

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Web Application Penetration Testing

This tests web applications for vulnerabilities such as SQL injection, cross-site scripting (XSS), and other security issues specific to web-based applications

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Network Penetration Testing

This examines your network infrastructure to identify vulnerabilities in network devices, servers, and communication protocols. It helps uncover issues that could be exploited to gain unauthorised access to your network

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Internal Penetration Testing

Conducted within an organisation’s network, this type tests the security of internal systems and applications, simulating an insider threat or an attacker who has breached the external defences

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External Penetration Testing

Focuses on assessing the security of external-facing systems, such as web servers, email servers, and other internet-accessible services. It simulates attacks from outside the organisation

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Mobile Application Penetration Testing

Targets mobile applications to find vulnerabilities in mobile apps and their underlying infrastructure. This includes testing for issues specific to mobile platforms like Android and iOS.

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Wireless Network Penetration Testing

Examines the security of wireless networks, including Wi-Fi, to identify weaknesses that could be exploited by attackers to gain unauthorised access

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Social Engineering Penetration Testing

Involves testing the human element of security by attempting to manipulate employees into divulging confidential information or performing actions that compromise security

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Physical Penetration Testing

Assesses the physical security controls of a facility. It involves testing access to physical locations to ensure that unauthorised individuals cannot gain entry

Penetration Testing Methodologies

Blind Testing

In blind testing, the tester is given only limited information about the target. This approach mimics the behaviour of a real attacker who has little to no knowledge of the target environment. It helps evaluate the effectiveness of security measures and incident response capabilities.

Double-Blind Testing

Double-blind testing goes a step further than blind testing. In this scenario, both the tester and the security team are unaware of the planned attack. This type of testing is the most realistic and helps assess the organisation's ability to detect and respond to unexpected attacks

Targeted Testing

In targeted testing, both the tester and the security team work together and share information. This collaborative approach is often used to focus on specific areas of concern and allows for a more thorough examination of potential vulnerabilities

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Penetration testing techniques we follow

We follow thorough and effective penetration techniques that are used in real-world scenarios, ensuring that your systems are tested to their fullest extent. We have divided these techniques into two categories

1. Attack Techniques

We follow these attack techniques which involve methods used by attackers to exploit vulnerabilities and compromise systems:

Network Scanning or Network Mapping

We start off with Understanding your network's layout and assessing security risks by identifying connected devices, open ports, and access points to uncover potential vulnerabilities

Man-in-the-Middle (MITM) Attacks

We simulate intercepting communication between two parties to steal data or impersonate one party so that we can evaluate the effectiveness of your encryption and communication protocols.

Injection Attacks

We test for vulnerabilities by inserting malicious data to trick a system into executing unintended commands or accessing unauthorised data (e.g., SQL Injection, LDAP Injection) and identify weaknesses in your input validation processes.

Cross-Site Scripting (XSS)

We ensure your web applications are protected against such attacks by Injecting malicious scripts into web pages viewed by other users to steal information or execute unwanted actions.

Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF)

Performing tricks that force users to perform actions on a web application without their consent and ensure safeguarding your application from unauthorised transactions and changes.

Phishing Attacks

We try different deceptive attempts to trick individuals into providing sensitive information like usernames and passwords and assess your organisation's susceptibility and response to social engineering threats.

Malware Attacks

Using viruses, ransomware, or spyware to compromise a system we test how your systems handle viruses, ransomware, or spyware to compromise security. This helps ensure your defences are effective against malicious software.

Brute-Force Attacks

We try to gain access by guessing passwords, often using automated tools and test the strengths of your password policies and authentication mechanisms.

Denial of Service (DoS) Attacks

We hit your system or network resource with excessive traffic to make it unavailable for normal users. This tests your system’s ability to handle and mitigate service disruptions.

WEP/WPA Cracking

We try to break encryption on your wireless networks to gain unauthorised access and identify weaknesses in your wireless security protocols.

Rogue Access Points

We try setting up unauthorised access points to intercept your network traffic and assess your network's vulnerability to unauthorised access.

Data Exfiltration

We compromise a system and try to extract data from it to assess your data protection measures while identifying vulnerabilities in data security and exfiltration defences.

2. Protective and Defensive Measures

These involve strategies and techniques for preventing, detecting, and responding to attacks:

Baiting Protection​

We test your Protection against social engineering attacks by luring individuals into exposing their credentials or installing malware on your system.

Physical Security Testing

We try to access physical access controls of a facility to identify vulnerabilities and test the effectiveness of physical security measures against unauthorised access.

Our Penetration Testing Procedures

We try to break our Penetration testing procedure into parts so that we can provide you the best services. Our Thorough penetration testing procedure generally consists of:

1. Define goals, Initial Planning and Scoping
The first step in a penetration testing engagement is initial planning and scoping. During this phase, we work closely with the clients to define the specific goals and scope of the test. This involves identifying which systems, networks, or applications will be tested and agreeing on the rules of engagement. We also establish the testing schedule, including start and end dates, to ensure that all parties are aligned on the expectations and constraints of the engagement.
2. Scanning and Auditing
Information gathering is the next important step in this thorough procedure, where we collect detailed data about the target environment. This phase begins with passive techniques to gather information without directly interacting with the target, such as analysing WHOIS data and DNS records. Following this, we use active scanning methods to discover live hosts and services. This step helps us gather essential details about the software, versions, and configurations that will inform the testing process.
3. Threat Modeling and Vulnerability Assessment
In the threat modelling and vulnerability assessment phase, we analyse the collected data to identify potential security threats and weaknesses. We use automated tools to scan for known vulnerabilities and review security configurations and patch levels. This step involves mapping out potential threat scenarios and assessing the likelihood and impact of different types of attacks based on the gathered information.
4. Exploitation
The exploitation phase involves actively testing the identified vulnerabilities to gain unauthorised access. Using ethical hacking techniques, we attempt to exploit these vulnerabilities to determine how easily an attacker could breach the system. This step is crucial for understanding the real-world effectiveness of existing security controls and documenting any successful exploits and their potential impacts on the organisation.
5. Post-Exploitation and Analysis
Once exploitation is complete, we enter the post-exploitation phase. Here, we assess the extent of access gained and the potential damage that could result from a breach. This phase involves exploring what further access can be achieved from the initial exploit and identifying any additional weaknesses that may have been exposed. The goal is to understand the full scope of potential risks and impacts.
6. Reporting
The reporting phase is where we compile our findings into a comprehensive report. This document details all vulnerabilities discovered, the exploits used, and the access gained during the test. We include risk ratings and potential impacts for each issue, along with remediation recommendations and best practices. An executive summary is provided for non-technical stakeholders to ensure they understand the key findings and necessary actions.
7. Remediation and Re-Testing
Following the initial report, we work with the client to address and remediate the identified vulnerabilities. This involves implementing fixes and verifying that these solutions are effective. Once the remediation steps are complete, we perform a follow-up test to ensure that all issues have been resolved and no new vulnerabilities have been introduced. This step ensures that the client’s security posture is strengthened and validated.
8. Final Review and Knowledge Transfer
The final step in the penetration testing process is the final review and knowledge transfer. We review the entire testing process and findings with the client to ensure a clear understanding of the results. We provide guidance on maintaining and improving security measures and answer any questions the client may have. This phase also includes offering ongoing support and recommendations for future security needs.
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